Go to the section:
The Austrian Youth Strategy aims to strengthen and develop youth policy across sectors. In September 2020, the federal government renewed its commitment to the strategy in its Government Programme 2020-2024. The youth strategy is described not as a static document, but rather an ever-developing process that involves all federal ministries.
There are differing definitions of "youth" in Austria depending upon the source and context. The main target group of Austria's Youth Strategy are those persons ranging from 14 to 24 years old. According to the Federal Youth Representation Act (2000) and the Federal Youth Promotion Act (2000), all persons up to the age of 30 are considered to be young people.
Source: Austrian Youth Strategy 2020
Source: Federal Youth Representation Act 2000
The age of majority is a key minimum age for children and adolescents’ development, which is the age at which one acquires (nearly) all adult rights.
Source: Wikipedia Article on Majority Age (2024)
The voting age is the minimum age established by law at which a person is allowed to vote in elections.
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
The minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) determines the age below which children who commit an offence at an age below that minimum cannot be held responsible in a penal law procedure.
Source: Age Matters Research Project
The lower house is called ‘Bundesrat’.
The upper house is called ‘Nationalrat’.
Source: Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG), Art. 60 (3)
Source: UNSD, UNDESA, ILGA
Source: COE Report Gender Recognition 2022
The Austrian Youth Strategy aims to strengthen and develop youth policy across sectors and to take the realities of young people's lives better into account. In September 2020, the federal government renewed its commitment to the strategy in its Government Programme 2020-2024. The youth strategy is described not as a static document, but rather an ever-developing process that involves all federal ministries. An overview of the ministries' individual implementation measures can be found on the Chancellery's website. The Austrian Youth Strategy identifies 35 youth goals from four main fields of action:
On a national level, "Reality Checks" strive to ensure that youth participate in the development of objectives and measures relevant to the strategy. In 2021, the Federal Chancellery published a progress report on the Austrian Youth Strategy.
Due to the federal structure of the Austrian government, responsibility for youth policy is divided between the central federal government and the federal states. Article 15, the so-called "fallback clause" of the constitution, assigns all those competencies, which haven't been conferred to the federal government, to the federal states. The Federal Chancellery holds the primary authority for youth policy at the federal level. Its Department for Family and Youth leads and coordinates the cross-sectoral youth policy carried out by all ministries. Each federal ministry has a "youth coordinator" who supports the internal processes and serves as a contact partner for the Department for Family and Youth. In December 2021, a State Secretariat for Youth was created within the Federal Chancellery and is responsible for youth policy agendas. The operating unit for the Austrian Youth Strategy is the Youth Competence Centre in the Federal Chancellery. It coordinates the process, offers knowledge and skills, and establishes contact with experts. The goal of the Youth Competence Centre is to develop a stable network between a diverse group of youth policy stakeholders.
The Austrian National Youth Council (BJV) is the official and legal representative body of youth in Austria with 59 member organisations. It was established in 2001 through the Federal Youth Representation Act (2000). According to the EU Youth Wiki, as the legal representative of Austrian youth, the Council is "empowered to have a say in all important political decisions" and takes part in policy negotiations. The BJV names the following fields of action:
There are also some youth councils at the federal state level that consult and advise the regional governments and youth departments. As stated in the EU Youth Wiki, the states decide whether the consultation is compulsory.
According to the "Youth Work in Austria" website, a youth worker is a professionally qualified person who works full-time or as a volunteer in extracurricular child and youth work. Different terms are used to describe persons working in this field, including "specialist for open child and youth work", "youth information worker", and "youth/youth group leader".
Within the federalist structure, responsibilities for extracurricular child and youth work are divided between the nine federal states and the federal government. However, as stated on the Federal Chancellery website, according to the federal constitution, the federal states hold the primary responsibility in this area. The main tasks of the federal states include:
The competences required for youth work are covered in the National Qualification Framework (NQF) as well as the Competence Framework for Child- and Youthwork. According to the EU Youth Wiki, there is no statutory training in order to become a youth worker; however, all federal states have universities offering social work degrees, some offering special training courses in youth social work.
According to the Budget Overview of Austria for 2022, EUR 7.7 billion (USD 7.9 billion) were allocated to "Family and Youth" in the country's 2022 budget. As stated in the EU Youth Wiki, this is an increase of EUR 52 million (or 0.7%) as compared to the 2021 expenditures. Up until recently, this budget was under the realm of the former Ministry of Labour, Family and Youth. For education, EUR 10.2 billion (USD 11.1 billion) was allocated for 2022. It is not possible to determine an amount specifically dedicated to the implementation of the Austrian Youth Strategy. The determination is complicated by the fact that each federal ministry has its own youth agenda and goals.
Source: Varieties of Democracy Indices
Source: European Youth Forum
Source: World Bank, UNDP, Our World in Data
EUROSTAT: Youth unemployment rate by sex and Unemployment rate
According to the Austrian National Youth Council (BJV), it is time for "less announcements and more actions" from the federal government. As reported by APA-OTS in July 2022, more speed is needed in the implementation of specific projects, particularly in light of the numerous crises currently characterising the lives of young people. Fiona Herzog, BJV Chairwoman stated: "So far, only a fifth of the measures relevant to children and young people have been implemented in the government program." She stressed the need to play catch-up, especially in the area of mental health of children and young people. Although the government's "Healthy Out of the Crisis" project is an important investment, it needs to go further. She noted that the program covers only a tenth of the need for therapy places, and even more concerning is the fact that some federal states have no panel doctors for child and adolescent psychiatry. In particular in light of the increasing importance of mental and physical health for young Austrians, as shown by the 8th report on the situation of Austrian youth, this remains a significant challenge. Other issues needing swift attention are educational reforms, the massive burden of inflation, child welfare and action on climate change. Herzog warned that young people have lost significant confidence in policymakers and that key projects must be pushed into the forefront to regain their trust.
APA-OTS. (2022). Austrian National Youth Council on government half-time: Youth need fewer announcements and more action. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20220707_OTS0135/bundesjugendvertretung-zur-regierungshalbzeit-jugend-braucht-weniger-ankuendigungen-und-mehr-taten.
Austrian National Youth Council. (n.d.) English Information. Retrieved on 01 December 2022, from https://bjv.at/english-information/.
Competence Framework for Child and Youth Work (aufZAQ). (2017). Competent action by people who work in extracurricular child and youth work. Original in German. Retrieved on 02 December 2022, from https://www.kompetenzrahmen.at.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2022, 1 April). Austria - 10.2 Administration and governance of youth work. Retrieved on 28 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/102-administration-and-governance-of-youth-work-0.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2022, 31 March). Austria - 1.7 Funding youth policy. Retrieved on 30 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/17-funding-youth-policy.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2022, 30 March). Austria - 1.3 National youth strategy. Retrieved on 30 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/13-national-youth-strategy.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2022, 28 January). Austria - 1.1 Target population of youth policy. Retrieved on 30 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/11-target-population-of-youth-policy.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2022, 30 March). Austria - 1 Youth policy governance.Retrieved on 28 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/1-youth-policy-governance.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2021, 12 July). Austria - 5.3 Youth representation bodies. Retrieved on 28 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/53-youth-representation-bodies.
European Commission - Youth Wiki. (2022, 1 April). Austria - 10.5 Youth workers. Retrieved on 28 November 2022, from https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/austria/105-youth-workers-1.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Austrian Youth Strategy. Original in German. Retrieved on 30 November 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/jugend/oesterreichische-jugendstrategie.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Department of Family and Youth. Original in German. Retrieved on 28 November 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/bundeskanzleramt/organisation-bundeskanzleramt/sektionen/sektion-vi-familie-und-jugend.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Federal Ministers, State Secretary. Original in German. Retrieved on 02 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/bundeskanzleramt/die-bundesregierung/bundesministerinnen-und-bundesminister.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Government documents - Out of a sense of responsibility for Austria. Government Programme 2020-2024. Original in German. Retrieved from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/en/federal-chancellery/the-austrian-federal-government/government-documents.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Organisation of the Federal Chancellery. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/bundeskanzleramt/organisation-bundeskanzleramt.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). State Secretary Claudia Plakolm. Original in German. Retrieved on 02 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/bundeskanzleramt/staatssekretaerin-claudia-plakolm.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). State youth departments. Original in German. Retrieved on 07 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/jugend/jugendpolitik/landesjugendreferate.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Youth goals. Original in German. Retrieved on 01 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/jugend/oesterreichische-jugendstrategie/jugendziele.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Youth participation. Original in German. Retrieved on 01 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/en/agenda/youth/austrian-youth-strategy/youth-participation.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Youth policy. Original in German. Retrieved on 01 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/jugend/jugendpolitik.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Youth strategy coordination. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/en/agenda/youth/austrian-youth-strategy/youth-strategy-coordination.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (n.d.). Youth strategy overview. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/en/agenda/youth/austrian-youth-strategy/youth-strategy-overview.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (2023). 8th Report on the situation of youth in Austria. Original in German. Retrieved on 03 April 2024, from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/jugend/jugendpolitik/jugendforschung/jugendbericht.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery. (2021). Progress Report 2021 on the Austrian Youth Strategy. Original in German. Retrieved from https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/jugend/oesterreichische-jugendstrategie/berichte-jugendstrategie.html.
Government of Austria - Federal Chancellery - Youth Information. (2021). Youth worker or youth work specialist. Original in German. Retrieved on 01 December 2022, from https://jugendarbeitinoesterreich.at/glossar/jugendarbeiter-in-oder-jugendarbeitsfachperson/.
Government of Austria - Ministry of Finance. (2022). Budget 2022 - Budget 2022 at a glance. Original in German. Retrieved on 30 November 2022, from https://www.bmf.gv.at/dam/jcr:5d307517-1fd8-4c78-8dc7-0ddbb08b85d2/Budget_2022_im_Ueberblick.pdf.
Government of Austria - Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection. (n.d.). Healthy Out of the Crisis. Original in German. Retrieved on 02 December 2022, from https://gesundausderkrise.at/.
The Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria. (2022). Consolidated federal law: Entire legal provision for the Federal Constitutional Law, version from 06.12.2022. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10000138.
The Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria. (2022). Consolidated federal law: Entire legislation for the Federal Youth Promotion Act, version from 06.12.2022. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20001058.
The Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria. (2022). Consolidated federal law: Entire legislation for the Federal Youth Representation Act, version from 06.12.2022. Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20001059.
Qualification Register. (n.d.) What is the NQF - About the National Qualification Framework (NQF)? Original in German. Retrieved on 06 December 2022, from https://www.qualifikationsregister.at/en/der-nqr/what-is-the-nqf/.